Urea

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Categories: Compound

Type: Organic Compound
Name: Urea (Carbamide CO(NH2)2
RDA:None Listed
Importance- to Body:
Moisturizer, Helps with Itching, Acne, Eczema, Keratosis Pilarsis, Treats Certain Nail and Skin Conditions
Distribution- in Body:
Skin, Eyes, Lungs, Liver, Circulatory System
Excess Effects:
Allergic Reactions, Cause Skin and Eye Irritation, Burning, Stinging, Swelling
Deficiency Effects:
None Listed
Food Sources:
None Listed
Environmental/Geographic Sources:
Acne treatments, Nail Polish, Deodorant, Mascara, Sunless Tanners, Shampoo/Conditioner, Hair Mousse, Face Cleansers, Body Lotions, Eye Cream, Lip Balm
Supplemental information:
pH neutral, Colorless and Odorless, Highly Soluble in Water, Practically Non-Toxic

Works Cited
Urea” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 July 2018

Urea (Wikipedia)
Urea
Structural formula of urea
Urea 3D ball.png
Sample of Urea.jpg
Names
Pronunciation urea /jʊəˈrə/, carbamide /ˈkɑːrbəmd/
Preferred IUPAC name
Urea
Systematic IUPAC name
Carbonic diamide
Other names
Carbamide
Carbonyl diamide
Carbonyldiamine
Diaminomethanal
Diaminomethanone
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
635724
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.286
E number E927b (glazing agents, ...)
1378
KEGG
RTECS number YR6250000
UNII
Properties
CH4N2O
Molar mass 60.06 g·mol−1
Appearance White solid
Density 1.32 g/cm3
Melting point 133 to 135 °C (271 to 275 °F; 406 to 408 K)
1079 g/L (20 °C)
1670 g/L (40 °C)
2510 g/L (60 °C)
4000 g/L (80 °C)
Solubility 500 g/L glycerol

50g/L ethanol
~4 g/L acetonitrile

Basicity (pKb) 13.9
-33.4·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
4.56 D
ThermochemistryCRC Handbook
-79.634 kcal/mol
-47.12 kcal/mol
Pharmacology
B05BC02 (WHO) D02AE01 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet JT Baker
GHS pictograms The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oilHealth code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentineReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
1
1
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
8500 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related ureas
Thiourea
Hydroxycarbamide
Related compounds
Carbamide peroxide
Urea phosphate
Acetone
Carbonic acid
Carbonyl fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2. This amide has two –NH2 groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group.

Urea serves an important role in the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals. It is a colorless, odorless solid, highly soluble in water, and practically non-toxic (LD50 is 15 g/kg for rats). Dissolved in water, it is neither acidic nor alkaline. The body uses it in many processes, most notably nitrogen excretion. The liver forms it by combining two ammonia molecules (NH3) with a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule in the urea cycle. Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry.

Friedrich Wöhler's discovery in 1828 that urea can be produced from inorganic starting materials was an important conceptual milestone in chemistry. It showed for the first time that a substance previously known only as a byproduct of life could be synthesized in the laboratory without biological starting materials, contradicting the widely held doctrine of vitalism.

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