Vitamin B7

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Categories: Vitamin

Type: Compound
Vitamin: B7
Name: Biotin
RDA:Not established; probably about 0.3 mg (because biotin content of feces and urine is greater than dietary intake, it is assumed that formation of the vitamin by enteric bacteria provides far more than is needed).
Importance- to Body:
Functions as coenzyme for a number of enzymes that catalyze carboxylation, decarboxylation, deamination reactions; essential for reactions of Krebs cycle, for formation of purines and nonessential amino acids.
Distribution- in Body:
Some is synthesized by bacteria in gastrointestinal tract. In tissues, is usually combined with protein; stored in minute amounts, particularly in liver, kidneys, brain, adrenal glands. Urea derivative containing sulfur; crystalline in its free form; stable to heat, light, acids
Excess Effects:
None listed
Deficiency Effects:
Scaly skin, Muscular Pains, Pallor, Anorexia, Nausea, Fatigue; Elevated Blood Cholesterol Levels
Food Sources:
Liver, Egg Yolk, Legumes, Nuts
Environmental/Geographic Sources:
None listed
Supplemental information:

Synonyms:
Biotin
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Vitamin B7 (Wikipedia)
Biotin
Skeletal formula of biotin
Ball-and-stick model of the Biotin molecule
Names
IUPAC name
5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid
Other names
Vitamin B7; Vitamin H; Coenzyme R; Biopeiderm
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.363
KEGG
UNII
Properties
C10H16N2O3S
Molar mass 244.31 g·mol−1
Appearance White crystalline needles
Melting point 232 to 233 °C (450 to 451 °F; 505 to 506 K)
22 mg/100 mL
Pharmacology
A11HA05 (WHO)
Hazards
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oilHealth code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentineReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin, also called vitamin B7 and formerly known as vitamin H or coenzyme R.

It is composed of a ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis.

Biotin deficiency can be caused by inadequate dietary intake or inheritance of one or more inborn genetic disorders that affect biotin metabolism. Subclinical deficiency can cause mild symptoms, such as hair thinning or skin rash typically on the face. Neonatal screening for biotinidase deficiency began in the United States in 1984, with many countries testing for this disorder at birth. Individuals born prior to 1984 are unlikely to have been screened, obscuring the true prevalence of the disorder.

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